Articles
Research, projects, experiments and papers in machine learning, language models, and AI systems.
4 articles
2026
AI Found Critical Flaws in PHP. What Site Owners and Developers Should Do Now
Wiz used AI to help find critical flaws in PHP, which runs about 70% of websites. What changed for developers and site owners, and what to do this week.
Gradient Descent: The One Loop Behind Every AI, From a Tiny Model to an LLM
Gradient descent is the loop that trains almost every AI. We run it by hand on two tiny examples, then see what changes for an LLM.
Neural Networks From Zero: Two Tiny Examples, Every Step Explained
Two tiny neural networks worked by hand: one neuron learning y = 2x, and a 2-2-1 network doing one full forward and backward pass. Every number is shown.
What Is a Neuron? Trying 7 Kinds on 3 Tiny Puzzles
We tried 7 kinds of neuron on AND, OR and XOR. The kind of neuron barely mattered. Using more than one neuron is what solved XOR.
